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野 山 清 凉 2009年 6月26日至6月28日，我们一行六人在向导蔡胜民的协作下，完成大别山霍山龙井河1号线局部、广家河2号线全程和狼牙谷3号线大半程的徒步穿越，观瀑嬉水。 喜欢行走，是因为心向林泉。如果你的骨子里刻满了随性与浪漫，那这个世界就无所谓城市与荒原。 2009.6.26，凌晨四点，我们一行六人驱车来到大别山堆谷山村。小憩两个小时，醒来就开始摘向导老蔡家的桃子充饥。 我和老蔡商量了一下行程，酷暑难耐，此行主要去水区。略去1号线无瀑布的地区，必要走完2号线，也就是强度难度最大的广家河瀑布区，3号线主要安排腐败项目。上图红线部分就是广家河线，线路内有11道瀑布，依次为玲珑瀑、贴心瀑、老虎夹瀑、珍珠瀑、万字瀑、彩虹瀑、三道崖瀑、黄崖瀑、飞天瀑、美女献秘瀑和老牛撒尿瀑。返程途经神龙首瀑和龙王樽瀑，再插入1号线看鲤鱼跳龙门瀑，经24道弯回堆谷山村。蓝线是3号线，狼牙谷线，相对强度较低，适宜嬉水。([]
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吴刚睿07年我走滇藏线回丽江，在德钦客栈的房间遇一姑娘聊的甚为开心，我们互留电话，地址。原来她是雨崩的支教老师刘一村，湖南师范大学毕业便申请来到了雨崩村，因为怕父母担心，始终没有告诉他们自己在哪里工作，只是每个月出去在西当村打一个电话给父母报平安。但说实在的，当时我对支教还没一个明确的概念。 08年，我在丽江上班，一村放寒假来看我。多日不见，自是分外高兴。临走，再三邀请我有空去雨崩做客，到时管吃管住。雨崩，离梅里雪山最近的一个村庄，但当时因为有事一直未能成行。 09年底我重回丽江，想着有空去看看一村，快两年没见了，不知她过的怎样？可是打电话，手机停机，坐机也不通。这丫头怎么了，不会出啥事了吧！难道不在雨崩，不可能啊！怀着忐忑不安的心情，还是出发了。 香格里拉，德钦，西当一路过来。到西当是下午五点多，原本想直接徒步进雨崩，但司机说太晚了，不安全，无奈在西当住一晚。要见梅里雪山，还真的不容易！~~ 住阿布家的绒客栈，2层是客房，有几个2人间和一个4人间，每床20。院子一角是洗漱和淋浴的地方，太阳能热水器，晴天水温还很热，但阴雨季节就热不起来了。房间没有电热毯，床单被罩一人一换，内有电源接线板，进雨崩之前可以把各种电器充好电。手机在这有信号。 一般进雨崩的司机都住在这里，因为进山2天，所以司机和车辆在此地休息。这也方便了自由行的散客可以租车往返于西当和飞来寺、德钦了。进山时阿布还介绍，若是出山时想租车，可电话提前约定，从西当温泉到飞来寺每车120元，若赶时间也可以从西当直接送到丽江，每车550元。（价格会根据天气以及车型等情况上下浮动） 很多家都挂红旗，晚上聊天得知，普通藏民还是很感谢***的，他们说去年拉萨闹事时，德钦仅仅去了几个喇嘛。只有喇嘛和贵族想恢到过去的政教合一的那种旧制度，广大藏民是不愿意的。 从阿布家包车60元到达西当温泉，若步行大概需要2－3个小时。然后正式开始徒步，一路景色还是很不错的。 从西藏那曲来梅里朝圣的一家五口，爷爷奶奶，爸爸妈妈带着五岁的小女孩。很难想象他们这一路的风餐露宿。我把随身带的乳酸菌饮料给了小女孩，很多游客也纷纷把吃的东西拿出来。 阳光下还是相当的温暖，走不久就觉得好热，干脆拖下外套。一路遇到好多从雨崩出来的驴友，徒步的，骑骡子的（马与驴的杂交种，据说耐力比较好，适合走山路）。 看到一大片经幡，我想垭口应该到了。沿着经幡继续走了几百米，终于到达本次徒步的最高点，据说是海拔3,900米的那宗垭口，垭口方圆百米范围内都是密密麻麻的经幡。接下来都是下坡路了，应该会比较好走些。 最悬的是，据同行的北京大姐说，她看到有位藏族老人在挂经幡，就上前拍了张照。结果一看，屏幕上竟什么也没有显示。天哪，不会是因此冒犯了神山，挂经幡时不能拍照，好象没这个忌讳吧！她赶紧向神山祈祷，我则安慰她，没事的，不知者无罪。 神秘的梅里。。。 垭口有个休息站，一般雨崩和西当的骡子在这交接，若两边都有上下山的客人，那么两边都在此进行交接，费用付给上山的马夫就行了。租马时，大家都希望租到垭口，否则若对方村子那边没客人，有时还要再空返一趟。旺季时，西当村70户人家大约170匹骡马每天都要跑至少3个来回，骡子非常疲惫，累到极点的骡子即使用鞭抽也不走动。但好像村里有规定只要有需求就必须出马。 垭口的阳光非常的灿烂，坐在那里边晒太阳，边看着前方的雪山，真是一大享受。 神女峰，又叫缅茨姆峰，意为大海神女，位于卡瓦格博峰南侧。传说是卡瓦格博的妻子。卡瓦格博随格萨尔王远征恶罗海国，恶罗海国想蒙蔽他们，将面茨姆假意许配给卡瓦格博，不料卡瓦格博与面茨姆互相倾心，永不分离。 缅茨姆，线条优美，气质若兰。给人一种无以言说的美感，一种震憾心霏的灵气。右边是五冠峰 不过照片角度不太好 终于看到了下雨崩，就这么稀稀疏疏十来户人家，感觉很安静。这就是传说中的世外桃源？不去天堂，就去雨崩？ 32# kkk8926897 我是12月10号出来的，前几天确实下雪了，还下的不小。一直在想，要怎样写这篇游记，要怎样描述一村，对我来说是个不小的挑战。所以回来后几个月里，我都迟迟一直没有动笔。最终决定还是写这篇游记，反映一个真实的支教老师。穿过村口的检票的房子，直奔学校。据说学校就是那座蓝色屋顶的房子，看上去很不错。长发披肩，手里拿着个脸盆，一个姑娘从门里面出来。我拉下面罩，“一村”。她一看，“姐，你怎么来了。”进去后，生火烧水，多日不见，当然有很多话要说。。。 这位小朋友今年3岁，是一村刚来雨崩那年生的。现在还没正式开始上学，但是普通话说的非常好。他平时没事喜欢到学校来玩，也特别喜欢跟一村在一起。闲时大家会逗他，“你是谁的宝宝呀？”“老师宝宝。”他回答的可快了。 云南政府的规定是只负责完小的费用，雨崩这样的学校因为学生少而不投入任何资金和资助。所以学校的课桌凳子都是就地取材做的，其他书本，文具等所有一切设施是游人捐赠的。 这是我在网上看到的，是一村前面一任志愿者发的帖子： 到雨崩支教一年 完全义务 你愿意吗？ 多大的能力承受多大的责任——写在招募义教之前的话 “能力越大，责任越大。” 这是我在云南当了半年义教才能体悟到的。我选择去当义教，是为了一个青春的梦想，从小受过的教育告诉我：“助人为乐之本”，我喜欢那种真正帮助他人后所产生的精神愉悦和自我满足感，我一直相信这个世界真实地存在着无私的爱，人与人之间需要关怀，当然我很喜欢孩子，喜欢简单的生活。 但在支教的半年中我很困惑，我能做什么，我帮到了什么，我改变了什么？当初我满怀激情，带着都市人的优越感进驻那个几乎与世隔绝的藏族区，我给自己定下目：要做一只改变一群狼的羊，而不是一只被狼改变的羊。落后的山区，大半文盲的村民，重寺庙轻学校，急功近利发展旅游，拔刀子解决纠纷，在我眼里，他们确实是一群需要改变的狼。 可是当我一次次教不好学生，无法考出满意的分数；当游客捐赠的文具免费派发，反而让学生无知地浪费；当我想带一年级学生出来考试，遭到家长的联手反对；当我提出由村民出资请一个专业的老师，得不到任何回应。我开始反省：流动的义教对孩子的意义有多大，我们的善心是否反而使接受者产生依赖或堕落。 我带着这种困惑，没能实现目的自责出山，没有留下来继续支教。重返繁华的都市，我的困惑犹在，我能做什么，我能帮到什么，我改变了什么？很多朋友认为这是教育体制的问，应该由政府来解决，依靠个人的力量根本是杯水车薪。甚至认为我与其浪费半年的时间在那里，不如拿一笔钱来捐助给学校。是的，是的，中国的教育制度确实需要完善，找老师应该是政府的事，捐助学校应该是富豪们做的慈善事业，但在抱怨政府和制度的同时，你做了什么，在你的能力范围内？ 我没有能力去改变一个国家的教育制度，但我有能力花上半年时间去当一个完全义务的老师，以弥补落后山区师资的不足；我也没有足够的钱捐一所希望小学，但我以一个老师的威信，让学生在接受馈赠时，既懂得感恩，又懂得自尊自强；我没有能力让学生考出高分，但我倾注了所有的耐心教他们各种知识和人生道理；我没有能力改变孩子们的命运，但为他们打开一扇通往外界的窗子，鼓舞他们走出大山，用自己的双手改变贫穷的命运；我没有能力改变村民依赖外界捐助的懒惰心理，但我决不因此放弃助人的信念。 “有多大的能力承受多大的责任”，当我不再把义教当成一剂救世的良药，不再认为自己可以改变别人命运时，我不再困惑，因为在我的能力范围内，只能做到这些，而我很负责地做到了这些。接下去，我能做的是为学生找到一位有能力，有责任心，有爱心的老师，延续这根爱心接力棒。 一年之内没有任何报酬，没有任何政府组织的支持，除了食宿，所有费用自己承担；不带任何功利目的，只是一种责任，一种爱心，去帮助一群落后地区的学生，你有能力吗，你愿意吗，如果你有能力，你也愿意，请告诉我。 招募云南雨崩义教要求 地处云南省西北地区的迪庆州德钦县云岭乡西当村雨崩公社，为藏族区，坐落于梅里雪山腹地的山谷中，这里四面绕山，不通公路，出入雨崩必须徒步或者骑马翻越海拔三四千米的大山，行程为五六小时。目前雨崩不通电，没有手机信号，不能上网，但每家都有卫星电话，可以接收外界来电，打长途比较贵，4元/分钟。每家每户买了发电机，水利发电，灯光不亮，但可以看电视，用电脑。村里的条件比较简陋，但景色很好，经常有游客徒步进山。雨崩村共有34户人家，150多名村民，雨崩小学为村小，行政上隶属于西当村完小，雨崩学生到西当完小就读须寄宿，低龄学童无法寄宿，先在雨崩小学读到三年级再转入完小。雨崩小学设有一到三年级，隔年招生，每年大概有十几个学生。 考虑到老师流动性太大，对学生的教学不利，这次招募义教任期为一年，对于义教有一些基本要求：首先要有耐心和爱心，因雨崩学生从小讲藏语，相对于城里的小孩，他们学习汉语犹如学外语，学习基础薄弱，老师的教学任务很重，需要有极大的耐心和爱心反复教导。 雨崩条件很简陋，义教又没有薪水，所以不考虑没有经济基础的应届毕业生或在读大学生，需要有教学工作经验，或所学专业为师范类的，年龄在26岁以上，35岁以下，本科以上学历，未婚人士，男女不限。 要有责任心，雨崩的义教属民间自发，没有政府资助，也没有太多的合同约束，但是既然选择了去当义教，一定要做好充分的心理准备和其他准备，面对各种挑战，不能中途而废。 最后请报名者谨慎考虑的是，请一定要在你的能力范围内去做，一年内没有任何经济收入，你是否有这样的经济条件承受？你的家人是否同意？在偏僻的山区，除了要应对落后的自然条件，还有无人沟通甚至不为人所理解的苦闷，你是否有足够的心理能力承受？ 如果你慎重考虑过，有足够的能力，有足够的爱心和责任心，请发一份个人简历，并附上你对义教的看法（字数不限，仅供参考）到：XXX 欢迎有意向的朋友发邮件咨询。 趁一村上课那阵子，我去客栈看望一起徒步进来的朋友。他们就住在雨崩往事，学校旁边的一个客栈。 凭心而论，雨崩真的很美。特别是和朋友一起坐在客栈的阳台上烤太阳，看着对面的梅里雪山，那份惬意。世外桃源，从某种意义上来说也就意味着与世隔绝。对游客来说，这里真的很适合度假，可以暂时抛开世俗的一切。但长住就另当别论了。 远处是雪山，但阳光下一点都不冷。 和雨崩往事的老板及北京大姐合影（小冯帮我拍的）我特别喜欢这张的笑容，很灿烂。 晚上在雨崩往事一起吃饭，一村不愿意来，我把她拉过来。来雨崩的客人太多了，出出进进诱惑太大，很多人请她吃饭，她都不愿意去，在这个封闭的环境，她已经习惯把自己层层包裹起来，也不愿对人多说自己。 听说一村来雨崩第一年只吃过一次肉，还是游客请的。所以小冯特意叫了只土鸡，（150一只）热情的替一村装了一碗又一碗。后来才知道，这里的鸡都是从几十公里外的尼农运过来的。 晚上，我们打着电筒回学校，村子里没有路灯。 这就是学校的宿舍，也就是我住的房间，看上去还不错，却是个豆腐渣工程。之前一直漏水，后面上面加了个蓝色铁皮，但有时还会掉一些小石头土块之类的。晚上听着外面牦牛（这里牦牛都是放养的，没有牛棚）脖子上的铃铛响了一夜，仿佛天籁之音，再看着窗外满天明亮的星星，感觉太棒了！ 当时没拍照，只能发张一村拍的照片 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林映舜Liekkas---Sofia Jannok温馨小提示：如果喜欢背景音乐，可以在第一页看到末尾时，不翻页，另外开个窗口继续看，音乐可一直播放，想完整查看请点击只看该作者关于背景歌曲：每一首歌都会褪色，那些不曾褪色的歌都会成为一个传说。写作的时候，开车的时候，这些不吵不闹的歌，每一首都经得起单曲循环。Liekkas---- Sofia Jannok中文名称北极光的征兆。歌曲很美很恬静，由瑞典国宝级歌手索菲娅·杰纳克使用萨米族语演唱，整首歌充满轻柔的北欧风格，天籁般的嗓音，温暖而治愈，所有的不快和烦恼都随轻哼浅唱而消失殆尽。就像这次旅程的心情，9天的行程，8天日出日落，或辉煌，或迷幻，或冷艳，收获满满，就算是最后被放逐的两天，也是出乎意料的顺利而圆满。然而，面对一大堆照片，千言万语，只汇成图片上的这句话-地球上两个人相遇不容易，我们都要好好珍惜。 关于游记：一开始没打算要写游记的，摄影团手累，登山团脚累。每天追逐日升日落，起得比鸡早，睡得比狗晚，吃饭也没个定时。要不是第七天冒着被诀死的危险洗了个头，那可真是待我长发及腰，甩你一头虱子可好! 哪来闲工夫记日记啊。架不住一个两个三个的催，好嘛好嘛，看图说话也要说。首先谢谢好好哥哥，冰月姐姐，复原姐姐，昨夜星辰，尚品大哥给我照的妖精照，不用担心我跳出高反，别把你们照出高反了哈特别鸣谢唐唐姐，出发前，看我一个小腰包就能装下的尼康D90加狗头，体贴地连枪带炮加背包一并借给我（佳能7D加一个定焦头）还有一米哥，让我车车随便开，机子，镜头随便用，照片全部拷，极大地丰富了我的游记不说，还锻练了我的胆量加臂力，每天孜孜不倦地扭到尼家和佳家的对焦点费。还有深山姐，高反这么严重也不忘了给我抓拍工作照，关键时刻省下卡来给我用。。。有朋如斯，夫复何求！！先上一张大片吧，看看咱们这架势，不是耍酷，是真酷哈，都不知道小兮是什么时候抓拍的。 前言：计划去稻城亚丁很久很久了。。。有时候，走遍千山万水，却从没爬过自家门前的小山坡。没去成的理由除了路，还是路。理塘到稻城的路究竟有多险多烂？险得过通麦天险？烂得过墨脱？如今到墨脱的公路都通了，亚丁的机场也通了，秘境深处的那片净土能否禁得住公路和机场带来的冲击？梅里雪山是否会变成第二个逐渐消融的玉龙雪山？正好摄影群里老大召唤，国庆提前两周就开始啰啰嗦嗦收拾了几大包，高跟鞋几进几出，出发时估到找了个理由套在脚上，打死也要穿（雪山，彩林，婚纱，高跟鞋----缺一不可）。有了唐唐姐给我的枪炮，我也成了双枪老太婆，呵呵。一个人游荡惯了，跟到朋友走真是幸福啊。技不如人，只有当丫鬟了撒，看我三枪老太婆的英姿。临行前一周查看天气预报，一色的小雨，中雨，大雨加阴天，想退团，不敢。也罢，晴天有晴天的艳丽，雨天有雨天的空濛，实在是没得拍的了，灰也要抓一把回来（老大语录） 第一天：重庆---西昌邛海大清早5点出发，就为了赶到西昌拍落日。一米哥第一个接的我，看到我那几大包行李居然面不改色，果然是沉得住气的男人。大不了把高跟鞋挂车顶。出发第一天就印证了我们的人品。西昌不愧为阳光城。赶到时，正是好时机。秋天的邛海天高气爽，落霞孤鹜，让人留连忘返。悲催的是一到邛海公园，老大的毒眼就发现了大片所在，当快门声响起一片时，我还在手忙脚乱地寻找佳能的对焦点按钮。该死的小日本，尼家和佳家就不能不要一国两制吗，光圈，快门，对焦点完全是反的。几分钟后，老大一声闪人，留在我相机里的就是几张白花花的东东。 看看一米的鱼眼视角，不摆了 喜欢这张的意境，孤舟，鱼竿，苍穹，静谧的湖水，学习了。 照这张PP时终于找到点感觉和信心（佳能7D） 如此美妙的地方总是少不了天作佳人。没穿过婚纱，一直心痒痒的，后备箱里的婚纱，什么时候可以穿出来秀一哈呢 （1DX 一米摄） 夕阳西下尚早，坐在湖边，没事就开始臭美了 （下面六张图片鸣谢一米） 看了高调，再来几张低调吧，老大的学生想不低调都不行。 古墓幽灵出没，逆光，索性处理成全黑喜欢这个运动中的人像，肢体不全，别有一番味道 (下一组图片25-49楼) 下图鸣谢昨夜星辰，远近高低各不同下面三张鸣谢好好哥。牢记摄影语录，要想与众不同，有风甩纱巾，无风甩头发，我甩，甩，甩，呵呵！ 拍完这一组剪影，从机关枪一样的快门声中清醒过来的众人惊觉夕阳已然西下，遭了，见老大像老鼠见到猫，我躲。羡慕拍到夕阳的唐唐姐。深山姐，莫怄，我晓得你给我拍了好多大片，都在小妖心里了。谢谢！第二天 西昌---泸沽湖 邛海晨曦 （尼康D90拍摄于712分）（佳能1DX一米摄）鱼眼真的很适合拍水也。又一张一米大片（742分）划船的渔民不停地穿梭于湖两岸，很默契地配合我们。经过金光普照的水面时，瞧那身姿，那线条，让我情不自禁地想起红土地那个会摆POSE的大爷。（1DX732分 一米摄）好不容易抢拍到几张，差点被我删掉，伤心了好半天，终于找回来，再不敢随便删相机里的照片。(佳能7D 728分）早上的光影瞬息万变，才不过十几分钟的时间，湖面上的金光褪去，只剩一片水墨淡彩（1DX 753分 一米摄） 谢谢深山大姐的藏宝图。高跟鞋的好处在于想脱就脱，光脚走天下，不用担心我掉下水哦，万一的万一，举得最高的，肯定是这个相机。 这双鞋可是陪我爬过尼泊尔ABC的，久经考验。 公园大门口的志性雕像，有三三两两的晨起锻炼者经过，幸福的西昌人。老大的当地同学看我们这么稀罕日出，不屑一顾地说两个彩虹挂天上的时候多了，那个颜色，那个天。唉，不要跟重庆人在冬天提太阳，提日出！（尼康D90） 傍晚抵达泸沽湖时已错过了日落。别小看这段枯枝，在我的7D里普普通通，在唐唐姐的鱼眼里却美如天仙。就好比女孩子都是美的，只是你有没有找到最美的视角而已。 再补几张去年11月在邛海的照片，一个月的时间，候鸟已经南飞，翩跹的海鸥，给邛海增添了灵动的美。 尼康D90拍摄 赶到泸沽湖时，刚好最后一抹夕阳撒在湖边草坪上，一路小跑下去，山水无色，只有捡了个枯树枝照 去年早几分钟拍到的湖边，水波荡漾，猪槽船点缀其间，夕阳西下，不可思议的美 （请点击页面右上方的楼层搜索，下一组图片从175-235楼）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1951206&page=18&authorid=0#pid38943619）劳动了一天回来，准备来大海捞贴的，结果让我惊呆了。谢谢各位的厚爱和支持，来不及一一回复，先上几张PP, 不刻苦点对不起大家的支持哦 晚上抵达一湖边客栈，看我们的大厨多能干，半小时就做出一顿丰盛的重庆火锅微信综合症，饭前拍照。有唐唐姐美味的香肠腊肉，萝卜干，火锅，小菜。好吃。未征求伙伴的意见，所以给她们带了口罩([]
妖精动漫在线观看樱花
冯怡君Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang"; means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth(
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